Vault.



y W. H. HULLAR.

VAULT. l APPLICATION FILED MAILS, 1911. I

1,007,568. Patented 001.31, 1911.

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VAULT.

APPLICATION FILED MAILS, 1911.

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APPLIOATION FILBD,MA11.3,1911.

1,007,568. Patented 0011311911.

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Patentedv Oct. 31, 1911.

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VAULT.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 31, 1911.

Application filed March 3, 1911. Serial No. 611,992.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, IVILLIAM H. HOLLAR, of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Vaults, whereof the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

My invention relates to means for securing the doors of vaults or safes in locked position independently of the bolt work or means ordinarily employed for that purpose, and, an essential feature of my invention is the provision of means to vary the relative temperature of a door and its amb to relatively expand or contract the same so that the door may be secured by constriction of the jamb at ordinary temperatures but may be released by subjecting the same to abnormal temperatures.

As hereinafter described, my invention includes the provision of temperature varying means local to the element of the structure which is to be expanded or contracted and electrically controllable from the exterior of such structure.

As hereinafter described metallic coils or other forms of electric resistance material may be utilized as heating means, and, compressed carbon dioxid or other suitable gas may be employed as refrigerating means', said electric heating means being included in a circuit with a source of electricity and a rheostat whereby it may be energized and controlled, and, the gas supply being controlled by a valve in circuit with a source of electricity and a switch whereby said valve may be operated.

My invention includes the various novel features of construction' and arrangement hereinafter more definitely specified.

In the drawings; Figure I is a diagrammatic elevation of a vault conveniently embodying my invention in its most complex form including electrically controlled means for both expanding and contracting both the vault door and its j amb. Fig. II shows a modified form of my invention wherein the vault jamb is provided with electrically controlled means for both expanding and contracting it, but the door is only provided with means for contracting it. Fig. III shows a modified form of my invention wherein the vault jamb is only provided -with means for expanding it and the door is only provided with means for contracting it. Fig. IV shows a modified form of my fragmentary plan sectional view taken on the line VII, VII in Fig. III. FigVIII is a fragmentary plan sectional view, taken on the line VIII, VIII in Fig. IV.

Referring to Fig. I; the vault 1 has the door 2, and the amb and edge of said door are respectively provided with coils of electrical resistance material 3 and 4 independently connected with the source of electricity 5 by circuits including the respective conductors 6 and 7 and the respective rheostats 8 and 9. It is to be understood that by movement of the lever 10 of the rheostat 8 the extent of the latter included in circuit with said resistance coil 3 may be varied, and, similarly the extent of the rheostat 9 in circuit with the coil 4 maybe varied by movement of the lever 11. However, said circuits are only operative when completed within the vault by the locks 12. Said jamb and door are respectively provided with refrigerating means including the pipe coils 13 and 14 preferably connected to a common source of refrigerating uid, conveniently the tank 15 containing compressed carbon dioxid or other suitable gas. The admission of said refrigerating fluid to the coils 13 and 14 is respectively controlled by the valves 17 and 18 which are conveniently independently operative by means of the electric circuits 20 and 21 conveniently having the common source of electricity 22. It is to be understood that said valve 17 may be operated by manipulation of the switch 24, and, the valve 18 may be operated by manipulation of the switch 25. However, said circuits are only operative when completed within the vault by the locks 26. Said locks 12 and 26 may be of either the time or combination type. It is to be understood that the dimensions of said jamb and door are such that when the door is closed as indicated and the structure is at normal temperature said door is constricted by the jamb and secured in immovable relation therewith. However, the relative temperatures of said door and jamb may be varied to permit the opening movement of the door by contemporaneously rerigerating the door to contract it and heating the jamb to expand it. 'Io etlect such contraction and expansion, the valve 18 is operated to admit the refrigerant to the coil 14 and the lever 10 is operated to include the coil 3 in the electric circuit with the source of electricity 5. It the vault door 2 has been standing open with the structure at normal temperature and it is desired to close the same, said door and its j amb may be respectively contracted and expanded as above described, to permit the door to be closed, and thereupon the restoration of the structure to normal temperature to secure the door by constriction of the jamb thereon, may be facilitated by contei'nporaneously heating and thus expanding the door and refrigerating and thus contracting the jamb. To eiiect such expansion and contraction the lever 11 may be operated to include the coil 4 in the circuit with the source of electricity 5, and, the valve 17 may be operated to admit the refrigerant to the coil 13. Said refrigerating coils may be open to the atmosphere within the vault at their ends remote from said tank 15, or, they may be operatively connected with the Ventilating system ot the vault, or other means tor exhaust-ing the waste gas may be employed.

In the form of my invention shown in Fig. II, the vault 28 is pro vided with the door 29. 'Ilie door jamb is provided with the coil of electrical resistance material 30 connected with the source of electricity 31 by circuits including the conductors 32 and the rheostat 33 having the lever 34 whereby the extent of the rheostat included in circuit with said resistance coil 30 may be varied. Said jamb and door are respectively provided with refrigerating means including the pipe coils 36 and 37 preferably connected to a common source of refrigerating fluid, conveniently the tank 88 containing compressed carbon dioxid or other suitable gas. The admission of said refrigerating fluid to the coils 36 and 37 is respectively controlled by the valves 40 and 41 which are conveniently independently operative by means of the electric circuits 42 and 43 including the source of electricity 44. It is to be understood that said valve 40 may be operated by manipulation of the switch 45, and, the valve 41 may be operated by manipulation of the switch 46.

In the form ot my invention shown in Figs. III and VII, the vault 48 is provided with the door 49. The door jamb 50 is provided with the coil of electrical resistance material 51 connected with a source ot electricity 52 by the circuit including the conductors 53 and the rheostat 54 having the lever 55 whereby the extent of said rheostat included in circuit with said coil 51 may be varied. Said door 49 is provided with retrigerating means including the pipe coil 5G connected to a source of retrigerating fluid, conveniently the tank 57 containing compressed carbon dioxid or other suitable The admission of said refrigerating fluid to the coil 5G. is controlled by the valve 58 which is conveniently operative by means of the electric circuit 59 having the source of electricity 60. It is to be understood that said valve 58 may be operated by manipulation of the switch 61. As indicated in Fig. VII, said coils 51 and 56 may be embedded in masses of cement or other material 62 and G3 including elements harder than steel so as to resist any attack upon the structure by means of drills. Moreover, as indicated in Fig. VII, said door 49 may be provided with locking means of any convenient form, for instance, bolt work including slide bolts G5 which may be conveniently constructed and arranged as described at length in Letn ters Iatent of the United States #621,341 granted to me March 21, 1899.

In the form of my invention shown in Figs. IV and VIII, the vault 68 is provided with the door G9 connected therewith by the hinges 70. The expansible and contractible ring 72 in the j amb 78 is relatively movable with respect thereto and is provided with the coil ot' electrical resistance material 74 connected with a source of electricity 75 by the circuit including the conductors 7 6 and the rheostat 7 7 having the lever 78 whereby the extent of said rheostat included in circuit with said coil 74- may be varied. Said door 69 is provided with refrigerating means including the pipe coil connected to a source of retrigerating fluid, conveniently the tank 81 containing compressed carbon dioxid or other suitable The admission of said retrigerating fluid to the coil 8() is controlled by the valve 83 which is conveniently operative by means of the electric circuit 84 having the source of electricity 85. It is to be understood that said valve may be operated by manipulation of the switch 86. As indicated in Fig. VIII, l said coil 80 may be embedded in a mass of cement or other material 88 including elements harder than steel. Moreover, as indicated in Fig. VIII, said door G9 may be provided with locking means including slide bolts 90 similar `to those described with reference to Fig. VII.

In the form of my invention shown in Fig. V, the vault 91 is provided with the door 92. The door jamb is provided with the coil of electrical resistance material 93 connected with the source ot electricity 94 by the circuit including the conductors 95 and the rheostat 96 having the lever 97 whereby the extent of said rheostat included in circuit with said coil 93 may be varied. As indicated in Fig. V, the door may be entirely devoid of any temperature varying means llt) and may be secured or released solely by contraction and expansion of the door jamb.

In the form of my invention shown in Fig. VI, the vault 100 is provided with the door 101 having refrigerating means including the pipe coil 102 connected to a source of refrigerating fiuid, conveniently the tank 103 containing compressed carbon dioXid or other suit-able gas. The admission of 1 said refrigerating fluid to the coil 102 is controlled by the valve 104. As indicated in F ig. VI, the door amb may be entirely devoid of any temperature varying means and said door 101 may be secured or released solely by its expansion and contraction.

Although I show the sources of electricity aforesaid exterior to the vaults, it is to be understood that they, and all of the temperature varying means, may be within the vaults and controlled by the locks l2 and 26, either automatically or manually. Moreover, although I have found it convenient to employ electrical heating means and gaseous refrigerating means as above described, it is to be understood that I do not desire to limit myself to such means, as other suitable means may be employed for varying the relative temperatures of the jamb and door for the purpose herein set forth, for instance, steam may be employed as the heating means and brine may be employed as the refrigerant.

It is to be understood that the terms normal temperature and ordinary temperature used herein, have no reference to atmospheric temperatures, but to temperatures predetermined to be normal and ordinary with respect to the structures contemplated which are to be affected by temperature varying means in accordance with this invention. It is a matter of common knowledge that the respective normal or ordinary atmospheric temperatures of di'erent localities may differ by one hundred degrees or more. Moreover, although most structural materials expand when their temperatures are raised; some structural materials, for instance, certain metals and alloys expand when their temperatures are lowered. Therefore, it is to be understood that the particular temperature varying means to be employed in accordance with this invention must be determined in accordance with the nature of the structure in which it is to be employed.

I do not desire to limit myself to the specic features of construction and arrangement herein set forth, as it is obvious that various modifications may be made therein without departing from the essential features of my invention as defined in the appended claims.

I claim 1. In a vault, the combination with a jamb; of a door adapted to fit tightly therein at normal temperature; heating means, arranged to raise the temperature of said j amb and door, including respective coils of electric resistance material located in said jamb and door respectively, a source of electricity, electric circuits respectively connecting said heating means with said source and respectively including rheostats, and means to .open and close said circuits; refrigerating means, arranged to lower the temperature of said jamb and door, including respective conduits for a iuid refrigerant located in said'jamb and door respectively; a source of fluid refrigerant connected in common to said conduits; valves respectively controlling said conduits; and, electric circuits including a source of electricity and switches respectively arranged to operate said valves.

2. The combination with a jamb; of a door adapted to fit tightly therein at normal temperature; heating means arranged to raise the temperature of said jamb, including a coil of electric resistance material located in said j amb; a source of electricity; an electric circuit connecting said heating means with said source and including a rheostat and means to open and close said circuit; refrigerating means arranged to lower the temperature of said door, including a conduit for a refrigerant located in said door; a valve controlling said conduit; and, an electric circuit including a source of electricity and a switch arranged to operate said valve.

3. The combination with a jamb; of a door adapted to ft tightly therein at normal temperature; heating means arranged to raise the temperature of said jamb, including a coil of electric resistance material located in said jamb; a source of electricity; an electric circuit connecting said heating means with said source and including a rheostat and means to open and close said circuit; refrigerating means arranged to lower the temperature of said door, including a conduit for a refrigerant located in said door; and, a valve controlling said conduit having means to operate it.

4. The combination with 'a jamb; of a door adapted to t tightly therein at normal temperature; heating means arranged to raise the temperature of said jamb, including a coil of electric resistance material located in said amb; a source of electricity; an electric circuit connecting said heating means with said source; and, means to open and close said circuit.

5. The combination with a jamb; of a door adapted to fit tightly therein at normal temperature; refrigerating means arranged to lower the temperature of said door, including a source of fluid refrigerant, and a conduit for a fluid refrigerant located in said door; a valve controlling said conduit; and, an electric circuit including a source ot electricity and a switch arranged to operate said Valve.

6. The combination with a jamb; of a door adapted to it tightly therein at normal temperature; refrigerating means arranged to lower the temperature of said door, including a source of Vfluid refrigerant, and a conduit for a fluid refrigerant located in said door; and, a Valve controlling said conduit.

7. The combination with a jamb; of a door adapted to fit tightly therein at normal temperature; and, heating means in said jamb arranged to raise the temperature of said jamb.

8. The combination with a jamb; of a door adapted to fit tightly therein at normal temperature; and, refrigerating means in said door arranged to lower the temperature of said door.

9. rlhe combination with a jamb; of a door arranged to fit tightly therein at normal temperature; and, means in said jamb arranged to Vary the temperature of said jamb.

10. rlhe combination with a jamb; of a door arranged to iit tightly therein at normal temperature; and, means in said door arranged to vary the temperature of said door.

11. The combination with a jamb; of a door adapted to lit tightly therein at normal temperature; heating means arranged to raise the temperature of said jamb7 including a coil of electric resistance material located in said jamb; a source of electricity; an electric circuit connecting said heating means with said source; and, a lock arranged to control said circuit.

12. The combination with a jamb; of a door adapted to fit tightly therein at normal temperature; refrigerating means arranged to lower the temperature of said door, including a source of fluid refrigerant, and a conduit for a fluid refrigerant located in said door; a valve controlling said con duit; an electric circuit including a source of electricity and a switch arranged to op erate said valve; and, a lock arranged to control said circuit.

13.'The combination with a jamb; of a door arranged to fit tightly therein at normal temperature; means in said jamb arranged to vary the temperature of said jamb; and, a lock controlling said temperature varying means.

14. The combination with a jamb; of a door ar anged to fit tightly therein at normal temperature; means in said door arranged to vary the temperature of said door; and, a lock controlling said temperature varying means.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name at Philadelphia, Pennsyl- Vania, this second day of March, 1911.

WILLIAM H. HOLLAR.

lVitnesses:

AL DOHERTY, WALTER F. Po'r'rs.

Gopies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents.

Washington, D. C. 

